The Mother-Daughter Relationship in Stand Here Ironing Essay -- Papers

The Mother-Daughter Relationship in Stand Here Ironing To many people, the ideal mother-daughter relationship is not like the one we find in this short story. In this case, however, its not being an ideal relationship is not the fault of the mother or daughter. Through her own relative thoughts, the mother illustrates the circumstances of the relationship that evolved with her daughter. Despite the mother's self incriminating thoughts, the dents in the mold of their mother-daughter relationship were made by the tough circumstances in their lives. From the beginning we hear the mother's self inculpating thoughts of all she "did or did not do." Emily is born into an unfortunate surrounding and, at the early age of eight months, her mother must leave her in the care of a woman whom Emily doesn't favor. The mother blames herself for her daughter's unhappiness and yet unknowingly justifies her actions with the immense love that she has for her. She recognizes that she was not able to be with her daughter at a time when young children want to cling to their mo...

Safety Risk Critique

Occupational Safety and health risks refer to those elements in the workplace which pose as danger to the employees, the environment and the surrounding community when exposed to them (Confer, 1999). These are things which threaten the safety and health of people if not controlled. In work places, these risks can be environmental which includes pollution in terms of noise and release of toxic gases, physical hazards such as collisions and falls of workers, falling objects and electricity, biological hazards such as fungi and bacteria invasion and chemical hazards whose agents are acids, bases, solvents and any other reactive chemicals (Boyd, 2003). There are guidelines and standards that have been set by the labour agency through the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) which must be followed and the standards met by all employers. Failure to comply with the rules and meet the standards results to the employer facing the serious risk of litigation, damage to their image when exposed amongst others (Charney, 1999). Statement of the Research Problem Prime contractors have the responsibility of providing a safe and healthy workplace to all their employees by identifying hazards and controlling them. These contractors hence face the serious risk of safety management when they subcontract. This is because in the event that prime contractors subcontract, they still are responsible for the safety of their employees as OSHA regulations do not relieve the prime contractor of the overall compliance to the standards (Mintz, 1984). These risks include injury to the subcontracted employees, citation of irregularities by the OSHA officials whose origin is the subcontractor’s negligence and violation of the required standards and the risk of negative publicity which could hurt the prime contractor’s image in the market hence reducing his competitiveness. Though the responsibility is shared between the prime contractor and the subcontracting agency, the prime contractor has to find means of ensuring that the subcontractors have implemented effective safety and health regulations so as to avoid exposing the employees to hazards that have been cited by OSHA. Getting a standard means of controlling the subcontractor without taking unnecessary control is not easy. Too much hands on method could cause liabilities to the prime contractor while hands off could end up not being effective. This research aims at getting an optimum and standard care method that should be used by prime contractors to help them minimize occupational safety and health risks related to subcontractors. A Description of the Research Procedures The study started by identifying the responsibilities of employers (in this case of the prime employer and the subcontractors) in providing a safe and healthy working environment to their employees. It then studied the stipulated OSHA regulations concerning situations that involved subcontracting. The study identified the potential safety management risks faced by prime contractors in this situation and the cares that the prime contractors could take to minimize the occurrence of the mentioned safety management risks. It discussed the remedies that prime contractors could take such as contractual transfer of liability by considering certain facts about how responsible the subcontractors were in ensuring safety of their own employees, and studying the policies implemented by subcontractors to ensure safety of their employees before subcontracting. The study identified the main safety related risks for prime contractors and discussed the value of achieving low injury rates. Finally the study researched on how to achieve the best safety performance from subcontractors and made a conclusion. Flaws in the procedural design In my view, the procedural design had no flaws in it. This is because all the elements of a good research are present in the thesis. It has an introduction of the topic and states the problem. It has outlines what the objectives of the study are and justifies them just as any good research usually does. It identifies the problems and discusses the results of the findings. It offers recommendations and a conclusion at the end. The only problem is that we are not told the method the researchers used to use to gather the data that was used to make the make the discussions and draw the conclusions. We do not know whether it was observation, interviews, questionnaires or the other methods of data collections that are normally used in serious research was used in this research.. Analysis of the data The data obtained is reliable and could help the prime contractors minimize safety management risks if they followed the recommendations to the book. The research discusses its findings and relates them to the regulations stipulated by OSHA so that there is no contradiction even when making the recommendations. The study gives several methods and options that could be used and taken by prime contractors to help reduce the safety risks. The data tells us of the safety related risks for prime contractors which include accidents of employees, litigation and harm to the prime contractor’s image all of which could occur as a result of the subcontractor not being keen on adhering to the rules and regulations required by OSHA. The date explains the prime contractors risk higher probability of facing litigation in the event they use too much of the hands on system with the subcontractors. This could be true as they end up being too involved with the subcontractors operation such that in the event an accident happens, they may be blamed as they are seen to be in control. The data also explains that accidents are some of the things in things world which are inevitable and whether the prime contractors follow the recommendations provided or not accidents are to bond to happen and the prime contractors have to be prepared to deal with them. The data discusses that the advantages of achieving low injury rates is that it enables the prime contractors to avoid the risks associated with fatal accidents and hold a good image to the share holders and the public. The data then gives suggestions to the prime contractors on how to achieve the best performance from subcontractors. This basically is by the prime contractors being careful in choosing who to subcontract to. It urges the prime contractors be careful in the method they use to control the subcontractors operations where safety and health issues are concerned so that they do not take the blame by being too much involved (higher side of the hands on method). They have to balance their influence. Conclusion We can conclude that the research was a good one as it was detailed in identifying the problem, explaining the potential risks and compared them with the OSHA regulations and gave the solutions to the problems that were not contradicting with the expected regulations. The study further gives recommendations. The data obtained was not biased as it gave both the negative and positive aspects of any suggestion made. It advices the prime contractors on what they should do in order to avoid safety management risks from arising.

Plagiarism in Research Writing Essay - 1052 Words

Plagiarism comes about when a person uses words or ideas from another person’s work but fails to credit the source of the ideas or words. Scholarly work of any nature mainly requires the writing of dissertations, treatises or term papers in the world of academia. Students in institutions of higher learning, as part of the course work, carry out research and present their results in the form of dissertations or term papers. The assignments’ formatting usually follows standards namely the American Psychologists Association (APA) format or the Modern Language Association (MLA) format. Plagiarism cannot not only be committed in writing research for academic purposes only, but can also be committed in areas of general writing such as in†¦show more content†¦She further points that some students also use the services of others who do for them their assignments or papers. (â€Å"What is Plagiarism?† par. 3) It is evident from the example that mere use of any i nformation downloaded from a website and presented without any alterations without citing the reference source is outright theft of another person’s work. Many websites online offer research writing services but one should be cautious while using them. Reference sources play a big part in research writing. They offer ideas or works done by other people, which may be useful in building upon newer ideas. They also provide a basis of providing evidence to one’s arguments in argumentative research writing. A writer who uses information from these sources should consider the input the source’s author has put into creating the work. This is where citation of the author in any use of part of the work comes in. Lack of citation is what amounts to plagiarism. This is noticeable when a writer fails to place any in-line text citations or reference sources in their work. Citing the reference source of an idea is important since it gives readers the source to consult and eve n read further on the topic. The Plagiarism.org site points out how a writer can inadvertently commit plagiarism whereby the writer fails to quote any copied text to the act of placing wrong citations of reference sources (Plagiarism.org, â€Å"What isShow MoreRelatedPreventing Plagiarism When Writing A Research Paper980 Words   |  4 PagesPREVENTING PLAGIARISM WHEN WRITING In a research paper, you have to come up with your own original ideas while at the same time making reference to work that s already been done by others. But how can you tell where their ideas end and your own begin? What s the proper way to integrate sources in your paper? If you change some of what an author said, do you still have to cite that author? Confusion about the answers to these questions often leads to plagiarism. If you have similar questions orRead MoreFree Papers1007 Words   |  5 PagesIf you are looking for free academic papers such as free essays, free term papers, free research papers, free dissertations, free book reports/book reviews, free essays, free speeches, there exists a chance of being accused of plagiarism. Free papers downloaded from essay databases and essay sites can be easily detected by plagiarism detection systems and sofwares. You can find a lot of resources and sites with databases of free sample papers and free example papers on any topic. You can use theseRead MoreFree Papers992 Words   |  4 PagesIf you are looking for free academic papers such as free essays, free term papers, free research papers, free dissertations, free book reports/book reviews, free essays, free speeches, there exists a chance of being accused of plagiarism. Free papers downloaded from essay databases and essay site s can be easily detected by plagiarism detection systems and sofwares. You can find a lot of resources and sites with databases of free sample papers and free example papers on any topic. You can use theseRead More The Problems of Plagiarism Essay1199 Words   |  5 PagesPlagiarism is an academic misconduct in which students use someone’s ideas or information in their work without proper referencing. While western culture insists that sources of words, ideas, images, sounds be documented for academic purposes, â€Å"plagiarism is now recognized as a serious problem especially in university where students are just copying words from web sites or someone else’s work† (The Owl At Purdue, 2007 ). According to East (2006, p.16), â€Å"many Australian universities are now developingRead More21st Century Cavemen : Technology1275 Words   |  6 PagesCavemen: Technology’s addition to plagiarism University is all about being studious and working through many late nights with the latest technology, in order to get the best grade. Unfortunately, the pressure to succeed can cause students to plagiarize. Which, can then lead to a zero on a term paper or a degree revocation. The consequences are harsh, but the crime fits the punishment and plagiarism is a serious academic offense. By taking a closer look at what plagiarism is and technology’s role inRead MoreThe Effects Of Plagiarism1143 Words   |  5 PagesPlagiarism hinders intellectual advancement. The problems of plagiarism have been discussed for hundreds of years. With technologies, plagiarism becomes a fairly common practice in recent years. Plagiarism is actually recognized as a dishonest act from the 18th century when the original literature takes on more value within society. Readers want to read new creations of ideas and words from writers instead of seeing them polish the writings that have already been emitted. Writers are able at thisRead MoreWhy Plagiarism Is Be Unethical And Immoral919 Words   |  4 PagesHow to Avoid Plagiarism in Professional Writing Professional writing demonstrates critical and creative thinking based on knowledge experience and research. When conducting professional writing it is important to avoid plagiarism at all cost. All schools have a plagiarism policy. For Union University in specific, plagiarism is listed under their Academic Integrity page and it states that not knowing is not an excuse. Plagiarism is considered to be unethical and immoral regardless of who commitsRead MorePlagiarism: These Words Are Not Yours. Eddie N Hudson,1341 Words   |  6 Pages Plagiarism: These Words Are Not Yours Eddie N Hudson, Jr. Augusta University Abstract Plagiarism is a word that is introduced as early as elementary school. Students are encouraged when writing research papers to use their own words. The rough draft is marked with the stains of red ink and a comment saying â€Å"these words are not yours.† This paper will give you a definition and different types of plagiarism. You will also be provided with steps to prevent plagiarism. CitationsRead MoreEssay on How to Avoid Plagiarism1228 Words   |  5 PagesAvoid Plagiarism Plagiarism is a growing problem in universities (Matheson Starr 2013) and becoming too common in the scientific world (Ober et al. 2012). Hence it is important for students as well as researchers to know how to avoid plagiarism. Before discussing the ways to avoid plagiarism, this paper discusses the definition, the types and reasons for plagiarism. â€Å"Copying’ or â€Å"borrowing† someone else’s words or ideas may perhaps be the more inoffensive way of explaining plagiarism. HoweverRead MoreEssay on Plagiarism1301 Words   |  6 Pagesat Clarion University plagiarism is â€Å"the use of anothers words without attribution and without enclosing the words in quotation marks. Plagiarism may also be defined as the act of taking the ideas or expressions of ideas of another person and representing them as ones own--even if the original paper has been paraphrased or otherwise modified.† (â€Å"Department of Nursing† ) A lot of people, including myself have been confused of what plagiarism really means. Through my research I found that there are

Relationships Between Characters in Chinua Achebes Things...

Chinua Achebe unfolds a variety of interesting connections between characters in the Novel Things Fall Apart. Relationships with parents, children and inner self are faced differently, however the attitude that Okonkwo gave them determined what kind of outcome he generated from these relations. Okonkwo looks at everything through his violent and manly perspective and is afraid to show his real feelings because he thinks that he may be thought out as weak and feminine this paranoid attitude lead him to self-destruction. Okonkwo the son of the useless and unimportant father Unoka strives to become rich and successful in the Ibo, unlike his father who was simple, poor and always was in debt from all of the people around. Okonkwo tries to†¦show more content†¦He is very different form his father and in some way reminds us of Unoka who was a total opposite to Okonkwo. He is the black sheep and the scapegoat of the family, before Ikemefuna is in the house that becomes like an older brother to Nwoye and teaches him to be gentle but successfully masculine at the same time â€Å" Nwoye’s mother was very kind to him. Treated him as one of there own children† (27) â€Å" Nwoye †¦ became quite inseparable form him† (28). Okonkwo approves of Nwoyes actions and stops the beatings. Although Nwoye is now a â€Å"real man â€Å" he still misses his â€Å"feminine ways† for example music and the act o conversation. After Ikemefuna’s murder †My father, they have killed me!† †¦Ã¢â‚¬  Okonkwo drew his machete and cut him down.† (61). Okonkwo was scared to be weak, it seems like he associates weakness with felinity. Nwoye becomes closed and understands that he is forever changed. When the missionaries arrive Nwoye joins their side and converts into Christianity. Okonkwo hates that he has a rather feminine son and disowns him. Finally in the end Nwoye gains peace and forgets about his father’s terrible and violent atmosphere. An interesting character in Achebe’s Novel is Mr. Brown who symbolizes the productivity and prosperity of the colonial works. However Rev. Smith (Mr. Brown’s successor) is jealous, small minded and manipulative. He stands a contrast to Mr. Brown. Mr. Brown listens to the people in theShow MoreRelatedImperialism In The 19Th Century Resulted In European Countries1726 Words   |  7 Pagescountries.When Chinua Achebe published Things fall apart in 1958, a novel criticizing the European aspects of imperialism, his aspiration was to teach readers that â€Å"their past-with all its imperfections-was not one long night of savagery from which the first Europeans acting on God’s behalf delivered them†(Chinua Achebe on the Role of the African Writer, 1964). Chinua Achebe helped change the western perception of African culture by using the characters and story of Things Fall Apart to give readersRead MoreEssay about Role of Women in Things Fall Apart, by Chinua Ache be1453 Words   |  6 Pagespromoted the growth of a woman’s role in society, does not mean women receive the same respect in other cultures around world. For example, in Africa women are viewed lower on the totem pole of importance even though without them the village would fall apart. Chinua Achebe is an author that was born and raised in a village of Nigeria. From growing up there, Achebe understands the culture of Africa better than some. Since he does have a better understanding of the culture he decided to make it his own personalRead MoreThings Falll Apart by Chinua Achebe1082 Words   |  4 PagesThings Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe is a story that portrays the tensions between the white Colonial Government and native-born people of Umuofia. Okonkwo, the main character, and a great village man is highly respected in the Igbo tribe of Umuofia. Although, Okonkwo is highly respected by the Igbo people, they are fearful of him because of his violent anger. When the Europe ans arrived in Umuofia, they brought with them a new religion: Christianity. The Westerners changed Umuofia, destroyed traditionRead MoreChinua Achebe s Things Fall Apart1719 Words   |  7 PagesThings fall apart is a classic novel written around the turn of the century, the novel focuses on the protagonist who we can also call a hero, Okonkwo. Okonkwo is a wealthy and respected leader within the Igbo tribe of Umuofia in eastern Nigeria. Strong individual with a passionate belief in all the values and traditions of his people. Chinua Achebe presents Okonkwo as a particular kind of tragic protagonist, a great man who carries the fate of his people. Okonkwo is a man who is inflexible andRead MoreChinua Achebe s Things Fall Apart1325 Words   |  6 PagesAbdulhameed AlHababi Western Civilization 2 December 2, 2014 Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe Thing Fall Apart, first published in 1958, is Chinua Achebe’s first and most acclaimed novel. Achebe illustrates an approving rendering of Nigerian and African tribal life prior to and subsequent to colonialism. Achebe presents various aspects of a native African community, including war, women mistreatment, violence and conflict, while maintaining a balanceRead MoreHeart of Darkness by Joseph Conrad vs. Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe1476 Words   |  6 PagesHeart of Darkness by Joseph Conrad and Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe are two novellas written to make a statement about the struggles of early societies. Both stories stir up moments of hope, anger, disappointment, despair, and enlightenment in an attempt to inform the reader of the injustices and societal differences during the 1800’s. Heart of Darkness tells the story from a European Colonist perspective while Things Fall Apart illustrates the outlook of the African tribe member being colonizedRead More Things Fall Apart By Chinua Achebe969 Words   |  4 Pagesdue to the belief that everything about them is perfect. In the two books, Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe and The Tao of Pooh by Benjamin Hoff, the characters Okonkwo, Nwoye, and Pooh all illustrate the effects of accepting and or resisting change. In Chinua Achebe’s, Things Fall Apart, the character Okonkwo shows the negative outcome of resisting change. Due to a rough childhood and a strained relationship between his father, Okonkwo feared change and had quite a strive for success. GrowingRead MoreCharacter Analysis Okonkwo862 Words   |  4 PagesThings Fall Apart Analysis Essay Rough Draft Some characters are like oil and water, exhibiting contrasting qualities and desires. This contrast stems from the contemptuous relationship these characters have, which drives a character’s actions and emotions. For example, in his novel, Things Fall Apart, Chinua Achebe describes Okonkwo’s contemptuous relationship with his father to show its effect on Okonkwo’s character and his actions. Achebe included Okonkwo’s relationship with Unoka to shape OkonkwoRead MoreAnalysis Of Dragon s Village, Things Fall Apart, And Man Of The People1460 Words   |  6 Pagesbe found in the novels; Dragon’s Village, Things Fall Apart, and Man of the People surrounding China and Africa. Along with Deepa Mehta’s period films, Earth and Water and Iciar Bollain’s juxtaposition piece, Even the Rain that emphasize the circumstances that occurred in India and Bolivia. A master at providing alternative context to Africa and concepts of decolonization, Chinua Achebe wrote a great amount of literary work, including, Things Fall Apart (1956) and A Man of the People (1966). TheRead MoreThings Fall Apart Biblical Style Essay1407 Words   |  6 PagesChinua Achebe in his novel, Things Fall Apart, writes in a way that Erich Auerbach would describe as biblical style. Biblical style involves suspense, biblical allusions, the ambiguity of purpose, and gaps leading to interpretation. Achebe uses this biblical style to focus on the downfall of Okonkwo, the main character. One passage that exemplifies this biblical style is in Part One with Okonkwo in the sacrifice of his adopted son, Ikemefuna. Okonkwo kills Ikemefuna out of fear of what the other

Racial Segregation And Its Effects On The Job Of African...

Different sorts of separation exist inside of the working environment of today. These demonstrations of predisposition, whether conferred purposely or unknowingly, add to unfair employing and special practices. The US Break even with Circumstance Commission characterizes race separation as treating individuals distinctively in view of their race or the shading of their skin. This segregation gets to be unlawful when it introduces a harming impact on the job of the people of a specific race or shading. For instance, if there is a no-facial hair vocation arrangement that applies to all men in the work environment, without concern to race, it may in any case be illicit in the event that it is not occupation related and has a destructive†¦show more content†¦At whatever point people feel as if they have been oppressed in the working environment, it makes a not exactly alluring workplace with genuine impacts on the people. It doesn t simply influence the individual; the dispositions of kindred laborers should likewise be considered. At whatever point separation exists in the work environment, it has a tendency to bring down the confidence, and everybody is less beneficial (Hopkins, 1980 ). As per the literature, two components ought to be incorporated, which have the best effect in comprehension the view of segregation, are the accompanying: †¢ The characteristics of the individuals who perceive they are being discriminated. †¢ The nature of the perceptions of their current employment situation. Note that a singular s state of mind, instruction level, and family circumstance are every contributing component which could make the recognition that an individual is being oppressed (Hopkins, 1980). It is crucial that each association concentrate on both goal and subjective segregation. With the history, cases, and claims of segregation in the work environment, it simple to see that the law is clear about this subject. The incongruity in this is that cases exist where whites have documented suits for opposite segregation, because of governmental policy regarding minorities in society. Working environment separation is miserable and illicit, however being denied an advancement, in light of

Corporate Governance And Shareholders Commerce Essay Free Essays

Corporate administration and stockholders ‘ wealth have been closely related in history. The two constructs are closely related with different bookmans coming up with their impacts in the organisation. Corporate administration refers to a systematic method of supplying inadvertence and way to the mode in which an organisation operates. We will write a custom essay sample on Corporate Governance And Shareholders Commerce Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Harmonizing to Ruiz-Porras and Lopez-Mateo, corporate administration is concerned with duties and rights of an organisation ‘s direction, stockholders and other stakeholders such as clients and employees. Corporate administration impacts investing determinations of an organisation. Therefore, effectual corporate administration maximizes stockholders wealth and has to be considered when puting. Additionally, Michaelas et al pointed out that effectual corporate administration manages the company internal and external factors which contribute to stockholders ‘ wealth. The writers argued that, houses with effectual corporate administration prosper in planetary and domestic market whichultimately maximize stockholders ‘ wealth ( Michaelas, et Al, 1999 ) . Premier Oil is involved in the production of oil and gas, geographic expedition and development. The company is interested in oil and gas in North Sea, Africa, Asia and the Middle East. It has its central office in the UK, London, and has 638 employees by December 2011. It recorded ?827 million as gross in the financial twelvemonth stoping December 2011, an increase of 8 % as compared to twelvemonth 201, besides made a net income of ?175 million in the twelvemonth 2011 an increase of 38 % as compared to twelvemonth 2010. And a net net income of ?171 million during the twelvemonth 2011, an increase of 32 % as compared to twelvemonth 2010. This study is looking at if corporate administration maximizes stockholders wealth of the Premier Oil PCL and its public presentation over a period of four old ages that is 2008 through 2011. This is done by seting in to consideration the company ‘s balance sheet, income statement, hard currency flows statement and the ratios statement. Over the old ages at that place has been recorded an betterment in the hard currency influxs verses escapes every bit good as an improved net income and company liquidness ( Aswath 2007 ) . Even if liabilities as compared to capital increased, during the old fiscal twelvemonth to 44 % , the company is within the Gas, Consumable Fuels and Oil industry ‘s norms. Second, although the liquid assets can non fulfill current liability duties, the Net incomes that were realized are equal to provide for the debts. Harmonizing to the hard currency influxs recorded the company is effectual as in comparing to others in that industry. By December 31 2011, the company had ?205M as ungathered receivable ( Doyle Et Al. 2000 ) . Corporate administration The stakeholders of this company are the stockholders, debitors, creditors, direction, the Board of Director, providers, clients the authorities, and the general populace. Each of these has a distinguishable function to play, as per the organisation ‘s policies. Premier company is a profit-making organisation whose primary end is to maximise the wealth of the stockholders. Therefore, the stockholders have to guarantee that they have met the company ‘s capital part demands. In other words, a portion from supplying fundss, they straight and indirectly take part in the direction procedure of the company. This implies that they oversee the enlisting procedure for the executive and non-executive managers. At the same clip, it is their duty to do effectual and executable determinations in the company ( Graham 2010 ) . As already highlighted, the company has an Executive Board of Directors. This is under the chairmanship of Sir David John. This is the top most organized portion in this organisation, which is carefully appointed by the stockholders. Their major function is to supply the organisation with professional and experiential advice before doing any major determination which affects the full company. This is a baronial thought, because it provides the organisation with the ability to get the service of these experts cheaply. Prosecuting them as parttime workers enables the company to bask such services, which would otherwise be so expensive. The executive board works in concurrence with the non-executive board, which is headed by Mike Welt and Joe Darbi ( Mintzberg 1994 ) . At the same clip, Premier Company regards the involvement of other participants, every bit good. Although, the major aim is to maximise net income, it has become the company ‘s policy to safeguard the involvement of all the other stakeholders. Therefore, in its administration, the company consults groups like the providers, clients, public, and authorities. Oil and gas trade is going really moneymaking. Therefore, it has attracted a batch of participants doing competition stiffer than of all time. In this respect, the company ‘s direction involves each of these in major decision-making. The providers are seasonably and efficaciously paid their dues ; no clients are given measure merchandises as per their outlook. Meanwhile, authorities policies are implemented to avoid legal hassle ( Larson et al. , 1996 ) . Co-operate Governance Theories The theories discussed below give an penetration in corporate administration. Agency Theory In the Premier Company, stockholders are the top most decision-making parties. As the investors, they have a direct control in all the coevalss of the organisation. Because of this, they have felt it better to co-operate with agents to move on their behalf. In the construction of the organisation, there is the Board of Directors ; the Chief Executive Officer ( CEO ) and regional and state managers. Under them, there are the departmental directors oversing the operations of the finance, legal, human resource, gross revenues, selling, buying, operations, and geographic expedition sections ( Doyle Et Al. 2000 ) . These are the professionals specialized in the countries in which they are attached. All of them are given a full clip occupation, so as to acquire adequate clip to to the full dispatch their responsibilities with less restraint. In order to see the answerability and quality end product, direction has come up with schemes to transparently engage them on virtue, supervise, proctor, and actuate them. Each of them is entitled to a good working conditions and attractive wage bundles. Besides, they are involved in a batch of bureaucratic processs to see their boundaries are clearly outlined to do certain that there is harmoniousness and cooperation in all the sections. This is a good motivation because it has helped to actuate these executives. Hence, they have got satisfaction in functioning this organisation. This has motivated them to be focused on the achievement of the organisation ‘s ends ( Brassington A ; Pettitt 2006 ) . Resources Dependence Theory Premier Oil Company besides relies on the Non-Executive Board. The determination to integrate non-executive squad has helped this company a great trade. It was the stockholder ‘s position that such a board would dwell of high export from different Fieldss after carefully being selected. They would steward the company towards accomplishing both its long and short-run ends. However, in order to make this, they would be expected to demo their dedication and committedness in whatever activity they undertake. It was aware determination because it has enabled the company recognize a enormous growing. The Non-executive Board advises and counsels the Executive Board. Furthermore, in the association of this company, personalities like Welton have enabled it to reconstruct its repute. Therefore, it has won the assurances ( Becht et al. 2003 ) . Decision Premier Oil is an energy company to think with. Its model administration has expanded it from a mere public company to a transnational. The engagement of all the stakeholders in its personal businesss has enabled it to set up a good relationship with all of them. As a consequence, it has managed to enormously turn, therefore crushing all the odds and ends up being one of the bluish bit companies in London. As per the ratios the premier oil company can be said to be sound in its liquidness although is debitors ratios were negative. In footings of Capital it can besides be said to be making good. The company is in a good status to put in for the investors. Recommendations Admiting the successes of the corporate administration, it would be wise to seek and implement the undermentioned recommendations. The direction should see diversifying its activities. Specializing in oil and gas distribution map jeopardizes the fiscal stableness of the company. Alternatively, it should see embarking in other merchandises, such as excavation. This would enable the company to manage the hazards that would happen impacting specifically the energy industry. Premier Oil Company should non merely concentrate on the stockholders as the lone of import participants in its operation. Alternatively, there should be a displacement from this height. The stockholders should non necessary play a dominant function through. The administration scheme of this company should be reviewed. It should non be merely task-oriented. Alternatively, there should be a more human oriented attack, so as to give the work force free infinite to show they creativeness, fresh linguistic communication, and entrepreneurial accomplishments. How to cite Corporate Governance And Shareholders Commerce Essay, Essay examples

Business Impairment Loss Business Accounting Impairment

Question: Describe about the Business Impairment Loss for Business Accounting Impairment. Answer: Part A Before we understand the standard that narrates about the accounting for impairment loss and the relevant disclosure requirements what is important to understand is the meaning of the word Impairment first. When there is devaluation in the value of any asset it is termed as impairment. The said concept is covered under IAS 36 of the International Accounting Standard and AASB 136 of the Australian Accounting Standard. However the meaning and the accounting is same. The said standard gained importance off lately around a decade ago specifically after the global financial crisis which took place due to incorrect reporting of the assets by various companies (accaglobal.com, 2014). At the end of each accounting period every entity as per IAS 36 is required to conduct an impairment test of all its assets mentioned in the balance sheet except for the following: Inventories IAS 2 Construction Contract IAS 11 Deferred Tax Asset- IAS 12 Employee Benefits- IAS 19 Financial Assets IAS 39 Investment properties held at fair value IAS 40 Agricultural assets held at fair value- IAS 41 Insurance contracts- IFRS 4 Non-Current Assets held for sale- IFRS 5 After identifying which assets have undergone impairment i.e. the carrying amount is greater than the recoverable amount of the asset then the difference between the two is recorded as an impairment loss. Double entry for the same is done as per the accounting standard. Firstly the amount of impairment is treated as an operational expense and the said amount is deducted from the respective asset as accumulated impairment loss Whether an asset has been impaired or not can be understood by conducting an impairment test. This test comprises of various factors- external and internal. The external factors which enable one to conclude that an asset has been impaired are as under: If the market value of an asset has deteriorated considerably. If the market interest rate has increased to such an extent so as to give a negative impact of the same. An unfavourable change in the legal, political or economic scenario. The net asset value of a company is greater than its market capitalisation The factors internal to the asset are as under: If the asset has become obsolescent. If the asset is held for sale or disposal. If the companys performance has deteriorated considerably (Thornton,2014). However if the management feels that the asset should be impaired after conducting due tests then it is very important and necessary to revisit the useful life of the asset, the depreciation method to be used and the residual or the salvage value of the asset. After all tests, the company should find out what is the expected amount of an asset that can be recovered. However if the individual recoverable amount per asset is not possible then the recoverable amount of the cash generating unit to which such an asset belongs should be calculated. A cash generating unit is basically a group of assets of a company which is capable of producing cash flows for the company independently. It is therefore very important to understand the calculations for finding out the recoverable amount of the asset. It is the higher of the far value of the asset less the cost of selling the same or the value in use of the asset i.e. the net present value of the future cash flows that is expected to be generated from the asset. The discount rate that is used while calculating the NPV is the current market risk free interest rate (pwc.com, 2014). It is very important to understand that once an asset gets impaired it can always be reversed. If on conducting the impairment test it is understood that the value of an asset that was previously impaired no more exists then the impairment loss can be reversed but for goodwill. Thus the value of all assets which has been impaired can be reversed but the value of goodwill once impaired can never be reinstated. If the value of the cash generating unit is to be reversed even then the value of all assets can be subject to such reversal but for goodwill. The reversal cannot exceed the carrying amount of an asset that would have been had the asset not been impaired previously after deducting requisite depreciation from it. The accounting entries for such reversal is a revaluation increase in the profit and loss account and the said amount si added back to the respective asset (ifrs.org., 2014). The standard also specifies the disclosure norms for such impairment. They are enumerated as under: The below mentioned detail should be mentioned for each class of the asset: The impairment loss that has been recorded in the profit and loss account and the line item(s) of the statement of comprehensive income in which the impairment loss is recorded. The impairment loss reversed and recorded in the income statement of the company and the line item(s) of the statement of comprehensive income in which the impairment loss reversal is recorded. The value of the loss due to impairment of revalued assets which are recognized in the other comprehensive income during the period. The value of the amount of impairment reversed of the revalued assets which is recognized in the other comprehensive income during the period (iasplus.com, 2014). In case the company does segmental reporting then the following is required to be disclosed with regards impairment. The impairment loss which is recorded in the income statement and in the equity during the accounting period. The impairment loss amount which is reversed and recorded in the income statement and in the equity during the accounting period. Every company is required to disclose the following in case the impairment is of a material nature of an asset or a CGU including goodwill. The factors both internal and external that led to the recognition or reversal of impairment. The amount by which the asset is being impaired or the loss being reversed. For single assets the entity is required to disclose the nature of the asset and in case it does segmental reporting as per IFRS 8, then the segment to which the impaired asset belongs to is also required to be mentioned in the disclosures of the said standard. For a cash generating unit being impaired, disclosures with regards the nature of the CGU and the amount of impairment recognized or reversed of the assets in the CGU (Ec.europa.eu, 2010). Thus on a concluding note, it is very important to conduct impairment tests periodically so as to portray a true picture of the assets of the company to the investors and its customers. It is critical to disclose the same in the notes to the financial statements so that the users of the annual report can understand the data about impairment without much ambiguity involved. Part B In the said case study first and foremost inventory is the only asset which is not subject to impairment and is covered under the standard IAS 2. Thus the assets which would be impaired are goodwill, shoe factory, and machinery for manufacturing of the shoes. However the brand Crossbow Shoes will not subjected to any impairment as the company has simply shifted its mode of selling to online which is a clear indication fot he fact that the said asset is not subject to impairment. First and foremost is land. Land is one such asset whose impaired amount is known separately. The total financial position of the entity as on the date of reporting is $1680000 and the recoverable amount is $1420000. Thus it is clear since the recoverable amount is lesser than the carrying amount hence the assets are subject to impairment. The total impairment is $1680000- $1420000 = $260000. Now since the recoverable amount of the land is known separately i.e. $171000, hence the impairment loss of land is $200000- $171000 = $29000. The journal entry for the same is Profit and Loss Account (loss on impairment) Dr...............$29000 To accumulated impairment loss (Land)...............................................$29000 Next, as per IAS 36, since the recoverable amount of the other individual assets is not known hence first and foremost the goodwill will be impaired to the full. After the same the rest of the assets will be reduced on a prorate basis (ey.com, 2014). Thus the remaining amount of impairment after allocation of $29000 to land is $231000 ($260000 - $29000), of which $40000 is allocated to goodwill and $191000 is allocated to the factory and the machinery in the ratio of 7:4. Thus the impairment loss for factory is 7/11*191000 = $121545 and for machinery is 4/11*191000= $69455. The Journal Entries for the same is : Profit and Loss Account (loss on impairment) Dr.................$231000 To goodwill A/c.....................................................................................$40000 To accumulated impairment loss (Shoe Factory)A/c...........................$121545 To accumulated impairment loss (machinery) A/c................................$69455 References: accaglobal.com, (2014), IAS 36 Impairment of Assets, Available at https://www.accaglobal.com/in/en/discover/cpd-articles/corporate-reporting/ias36-impairment.html (Accessed 19th September 2016) Ec.europa.eu, (2010), International Accounting Standard 36- Impairment of Assets, Available at https://ec.europa.eu/internal_market/accounting/docs/consolidated/ias36_en.pdf (Accessed 19th September 2016) ey.com, (2014), Impairment Accounting the basics of IAS 36 , Impairment of Assets, Available at https://www.ey.com/Publication/vwLUAssets/Impairment_accounting_the_basics_of_IAS_36_Impairment_of_Assets/$FILE/Impairment_accounting_IAS_36.pdf (Accessed 19th September 2016) iasplus.com, (2014), IAS 36 Impairment of Assets, Available at https://www.iasplus.com/en/standards/ias/ias36 (Accessed 19th September 2016) ifrs.org., (2014), IAS 36- Impairment of Assets, Available at https://www.ifrs.org/IFRSs/Documents/Technical-summaries-2014/IAS%2036.pdf (Accessed 19th September 2016) pwc.com, (2014), Making Sense of a complex world- IAS 36 Impairment of Assets, Available at https://www.pwc.com/gx/en/communications/pdf/ias36_impairment_of_assets_final.pdf (Accessed 19th September 2016) Thornton, G., (2014), Impairment of Assets- A Guide to applying IAS 36 in practice, Available at file:///C:/Users/E-ZONE/Downloads/IAS%2036%20Impairment%20of%20Assets%20-%20A%20guide%20to%20applying%20IAS%2036%20in%20practice.pdf (Accessed 19th September 2016)